/*
** $Id: lgc.c,v 2.215.1.2 2017/08/31 16:15:27 roberto Exp $
** Garbage Collector
** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
*/

#define lgc_c
#define LUA_CORE

#include "lprefix.h"

#include <string.h>

#include "lua.h"

#include "ldebug.h"
#include "ldo.h"
#include "lfunc.h"
#include "lgc.h"
#include "lmem.h"
#include "lobject.h"
#include "lstate.h"
#include "lstring.h"
#include "ltable.h"
#include "ltm.h"

/*
** internal state for collector while inside the atomic phase. The
** collector should never be in this state while running regular code.
*/
#define GCSinsideatomic (GCSpause + 1)

/*
** cost of sweeping one element (the size of a small object divided
** by some adjust for the sweep speed)
*/
#define GCSWEEPCOST ((sizeof(TString) + 4) / 4)

/* maximum number of elements to sweep in each single step */
#define GCSWEEPMAX (cast_int((GCSTEPSIZE / GCSWEEPCOST) / 4))

/* cost of calling one finalizer */
#define GCFINALIZECOST GCSWEEPCOST

/*
** macro to adjust 'stepmul': 'stepmul' is actually used like
** 'stepmul / STEPMULADJ' (value chosen by tests)
*/
#define STEPMULADJ 200

/*
** macro to adjust 'pause': 'pause' is actually used like
** 'pause / PAUSEADJ' (value chosen by tests)
*/
#define PAUSEADJ 100

/*
** 'makewhite' erases all color bits then sets only the current white
** bit
*/
#define maskcolors (~(bitmask(BLACKBIT) | WHITEBITS))
#define makewhite(g, x) (x->marked = cast_byte((x->marked & maskcolors) | luaC_white(g)))

#define white2gray(x) resetbits(x->marked, WHITEBITS)
#define black2gray(x) resetbit(x->marked, BLACKBIT)

#define valiswhite(x) (iscollectable(x) && iswhite(gcvalue(x)))

// if value != nil then key should not be dead
#define checkdeadkey(n) lua_assert(!ttisdeadkey(gkey(n)) || ttisnil(gval(n)))

#define checkconsistency(obj) lua_longassert(!iscollectable(obj) || righttt(obj))

#define markvalue(g, o) \
  { \
    checkconsistency(o); \
    if (valiswhite(o)) \
      reallymarkobject(g, gcvalue(o)); \
  }

#define markobject(g, t) \
  { \
    if (iswhite(t)) \
      reallymarkobject(g, obj2gco(t)); \
  }

/*
** mark an object that can be NULL (either because it is really optional,
** or it was stripped as debug info, or inside an uncompleted structure)
*/
#define markobjectN(g, t) \
  { \
    if (t) \
      markobject(g, t); \
  }

static void reallymarkobject(global_State* g, GCObject* o);

/*
** {======================================================
** Generic functions
** =======================================================
*/

/*
** one after last element in a hash array
*/
#define gnodelast(h) gnode(h, cast(size_t, sizenode(h)))

/*
** link collectable object 'o' into list pointed by 'p'
*/
#define linkgclist(o, p) ((o)->gclist = (p), (p) = obj2gco(o))

/*
** If key is not marked, mark its entry as dead. This allows key to be
** collected, but keeps its entry in the table.  A dead node is needed
** when Lua looks up for a key (it may be part of a chain) and when
** traversing a weak table (key might be removed from the table during
** traversal). Other places never manipulate dead keys, because its
** associated nil value is enough to signal that the entry is logically
** empty.
*/
static void removeentry(Node* n) {
  lua_assert(ttisnil(gval(n)));
  if (valiswhite(gkey(n)))
    setdeadvalue(wgkey(n)); /* unused and unmarked key; remove it */
}

/*
** tells whether a key or value can be cleared from a weak
** table. Non-collectable objects are never removed from weak
** tables. Strings behave as 'values', so are never removed too. for
** other objects: if really collected, cannot keep them; for objects
** being finalized, keep them in keys, but not in values
*/
static int iscleared(global_State* g, const TValue* o) {
  if (!iscollectable(o))
    return 0;
  else if (ttisstring(o)) {
    markobject(g, tsvalue(o)); /* strings are 'values', so are never weak */
    return 0;
  } else
    return iswhite(gcvalue(o));
}

/*
** barrier that moves collector forward, that is, mark the white object
** being pointed by a black object. (If in sweep phase, clear the black
** object to white [sweep it] to avoid other barrier calls for this
** same object.)
*/
void luaC_barrier_(lua_State* L, GCObject* o, GCObject* v) {
  global_State* g = G(L);
  lua_assert(isblack(o) && iswhite(v) && !isdead(g, v) && !isdead(g, o));
  if (keepinvariant(g)) /* must keep invariant? */
    reallymarkobject(g, v); /* restore invariant */
  else { /* sweep phase */
    lua_assert(issweepphase(g));
    makewhite(g, o); /* mark main obj. as white to avoid other barriers */
  }
}

/*
** barrier that moves collector backward, that is, mark the black object
** pointing to a white object as gray again.
*/
void luaC_barrierback_(lua_State* L, Table* t) {
  global_State* g = G(L);
  lua_assert(isblack(t) && !isdead(g, t));
  black2gray(t); /* make table gray (again) */
  linkgclist(t, g->grayagain);
}

/*
** barrier for assignments to closed upvalues. Because upvalues are
** shared among closures, it is impossible to know the color of all
** closures pointing to it. So, we assume that the object being assigned
** must be marked.
*/
void luaC_upvalbarrier_(lua_State* L, UpVal* uv) {
  global_State* g = G(L);
  GCObject* o = gcvalue(uv->v);
  lua_assert(!upisopen(uv)); /* ensured by macro luaC_upvalbarrier */
  if (keepinvariant(g))
    markobject(g, o);
}

void luaC_fix(lua_State* L, GCObject* o) {
  global_State* g = G(L);
  lua_assert(g->allgc == o); /* object must be 1st in 'allgc' list! */
  white2gray(o); /* they will be gray forever */
  g->allgc = o->next; /* remove object from 'allgc' list */
  o->next = g->fixedgc; /* link it to 'fixedgc' list */
  g->fixedgc = o;
}

/*
** create a new collectable object (with given type and size) and link
** it to 'allgc' list.
*/
// May throw LUA_ERRMEM
GCObject* luaC_newobj(lua_State* L, int tt, size_t sz) {
  global_State* g = G(L);
  GCObject* o = cast(GCObject*, luaM_newobject(L, novariant(tt), sz));
  o->marked = luaC_white(g);
  o->tt = tt;
  o->next = g->allgc;
  g->allgc = o;
  return o;
}

/* }====================================================== */

/*
** {======================================================
** Mark functions
** =======================================================
*/

/*
** mark an object. Userdata, strings, and closed upvalues are visited
** and turned black here. Other objects are marked gray and added
** to appropriate list to be visited (and turned black) later. (Open
** upvalues are already linked in 'headuv' list.)
*/
static void reallymarkobject(global_State* g, GCObject* o) {
reentry:
  white2gray(o);
  switch (o->tt) {
    case LUA_TSHRSTR: {
      gray2black(o);
      g->GCmemtrav += sizelstring(gco2ts(o)->shrlen);
      break;
    }
    case LUA_TLNGSTR: {
      gray2black(o);
      g->GCmemtrav += sizelstring(gco2ts(o)->u.lnglen);
      break;
    }
    case LUA_TUSERDATA: {
      TValue uvalue;
      markobjectN(g, gco2u(o)->metatable); /* mark its metatable */
      gray2black(o);
      g->GCmemtrav += sizeudata(gco2u(o));
      getuservalue(g->mainthread, gco2u(o), &uvalue);
      if (valiswhite(&uvalue)) { /* markvalue(g, &uvalue); */
        o = gcvalue(&uvalue);
        goto reentry;
      }
      break;
    }
    case LUA_TLCL: {
      linkgclist(gco2lcl(o), g->gray);
      break;
    }
    case LUA_TCCL: {
      linkgclist(gco2ccl(o), g->gray);
      break;
    }
    case LUA_TTABLE: {
      linkgclist(gco2t(o), g->gray);
      break;
    }
    case LUA_TTHREAD: {
      linkgclist(gco2th(o), g->gray);
      break;
    }
    case LUA_TPROTO: {
      linkgclist(gco2p(o), g->gray);
      break;
    }
    default:
      lua_assert(0);
      break;
  }
}

/*
** mark metamethods for basic types
*/
static void markmt(global_State* g) {
  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < LUA_NUMTAGS; i++)
    markobjectN(g, g->mt[i]);
}

/*
** mark all objects in list of being-finalized
*/
static void markbeingfnz(global_State* g) {
  GCObject* o;
  for (o = g->tobefnz; o != NULL; o = o->next)
    markobject(g, o);
}

/*
** Mark all values stored in marked open upvalues from non-marked threads.
** (Values from marked threads were already marked when traversing the
** thread.) Remove from the list threads that no longer have upvalues and
** not-marked threads.
*/
static void remarkupvals(global_State* g) {
  lua_State* thread;
  lua_State** p = &g->twups;
  while ((thread = *p) != NULL) {
    lua_assert(!isblack(thread)); /* threads are never black */
    if (isgray(thread) && thread->openupval != NULL)
      p = &thread->twups; /* keep marked thread with upvalues in the list */
    else { /* thread is not marked or without upvalues */
      UpVal* uv;
      *p = thread->twups; /* remove thread from the list */
      thread->twups = thread; /* mark that it is out of list */
      for (uv = thread->openupval; uv != NULL; uv = uv->u.open.next) {
        if (uv->u.open.touched) {
          markvalue(g, uv->v); /* remark upvalue's value */
          uv->u.open.touched = 0;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
** mark root set and reset all gray lists, to start a new collection
*/
static void restartcollection(global_State* g) {
  g->gray = g->grayagain = NULL;
  g->weak = g->allweak = g->ephemeron = NULL;
  markobject(g, g->mainthread);
  markvalue(g, &g->l_registry);
  markmt(g);
  markbeingfnz(g); /* mark any finalizing object left from previous cycle */
}

/* }====================================================== */

/*
** {======================================================
** Traverse functions
** =======================================================
*/

/*
** Traverse a table with weak values and link it to proper list. During
** propagate phase, keep it in 'grayagain' list, to be revisited in the
** atomic phase. In the atomic phase, if table has any white value,
** put it in 'weak' list, to be cleared.
*/
static void traverseweakvalue(global_State* g, Table* h) {
  Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
  /* if there is array part, assume it may have white values (it is not
     worth traversing it now just to check) */
  int hasclears = (h->sizearray > 0);
  for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) { /* traverse hash part */
    checkdeadkey(n);
    if (ttisnil(gval(n))) /* entry is empty? */
      removeentry(n); /* remove it */
    else {
      lua_assert(!ttisnil(gkey(n)));
      markvalue(g, gkey(n)); /* mark key */
      if (!hasclears && iscleared(g, gval(n))) /* is there a white value? */
        hasclears = 1; /* table will have to be cleared */
    }
  }
  // every weak table should be traverse twice
  // first in propagate, second in g->grayagain
  if (g->gcstate == GCSpropagate)
    linkgclist(h, g->grayagain); /* must retraverse it in atomic phase */
  else if (hasclears)
    linkgclist(h, g->weak); /* has to be cleared later */
}

/*
** Traverse an ephemeron table and link it to proper list. Returns true
** iff any object was marked during this traversal (which implies that
** convergence has to continue). During propagation phase, keep table
** in 'grayagain' list, to be visited again in the atomic phase. In
** the atomic phase, if table has any white->white entry, it has to
** be revisited during ephemeron convergence (as that key may turn
** black). Otherwise, if it has any white key, table has to be cleared
** (in the atomic phase).
*/
static int traverseephemeron(global_State* g, Table* h) {
  int marked = 0; /* true if an object is marked in this traversal */
  int hasclears = 0; /* true if table has white keys */
  int hasww = 0; /* true if table has entry "white-key -> white-value" */
  Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
  unsigned int i;
  /* traverse array part */
  for (i = 0; i < h->sizearray; i++) {
    if (valiswhite(&h->array[i])) {
      marked = 1;
      reallymarkobject(g, gcvalue(&h->array[i]));
    }
  }
  /* traverse hash part */
  for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {
    checkdeadkey(n);
    if (ttisnil(gval(n))) /* entry is empty? */
      removeentry(n); /* remove it */
    else if (iscleared(g, gkey(n))) { /* key is not marked (yet)? */
      hasclears = 1; /* table must be cleared */
      if (valiswhite(gval(n))) /* value not marked yet? */
        hasww = 1; /* white-white entry */
    } else if (valiswhite(gval(n))) { /* value not marked yet? */
      marked = 1;
      reallymarkobject(g, gcvalue(gval(n))); /* mark it now */
    }
  }
  /* link table into proper list */
  if (g->gcstate == GCSpropagate)
    linkgclist(h, g->grayagain); /* must retraverse it in atomic phase */
  else if (hasww) /* table has white->white entries? */
    linkgclist(h, g->ephemeron); /* have to propagate again */
  else if (hasclears) /* table has white keys? */
    linkgclist(h, g->allweak); /* may have to clean white keys */
  return marked;
}

static void traversestrongtable(global_State* g, Table* h) {
  Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
  unsigned int i;
  for (i = 0; i < h->sizearray; i++) /* traverse array part */
    markvalue(g, &h->array[i]);
  for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) { /* traverse hash part */
    checkdeadkey(n);
    if (ttisnil(gval(n))) /* entry is empty? */
      removeentry(n); /* remove it */
    else {
      lua_assert(!ttisnil(gkey(n))); // in a table, if key == nil then value should be nil
      markvalue(g, gkey(n)); /* mark key */
      markvalue(g, gval(n)); /* mark value */
    }
  }
}

static lu_mem traversetable(global_State* g, Table* h) {
  const char *weakkey, *weakvalue;
  const TValue* mode = gfasttm(g, h->metatable, TM_MODE);
  markobjectN(g, h->metatable);
  if (mode && ttisstring(mode) && /* is there a weak mode? */
      ((void)((weakkey = strchr(svalue(mode), 'k'))),
       (void)((weakvalue = strchr(svalue(mode), 'v'))),
       (weakkey || weakvalue))) { /* is really weak? */
    black2gray(h); /* keep table gray */
    if (!weakkey) /* strong keys? */
      traverseweakvalue(g, h);
    else if (!weakvalue) /* strong values? */
      traverseephemeron(g, h);
    else /* all weak */
      linkgclist(h, g->allweak); /* nothing to traverse now */
  } else /* not weak */
    traversestrongtable(g, h);
  return sizeof(Table) + sizeof(TValue) * h->sizearray + sizeof(Node) * cast(size_t, allocsizenode(h));
}

/*
** Traverse a prototype. (While a prototype is being build, its
** arrays can be larger than needed; the extra slots are filled with
** NULL, so the use of 'markobjectN')
*/
static int traverseproto(global_State* g, Proto* f) {
  int i;
  if (f->cache && iswhite(f->cache))
    f->cache = NULL; /* allow cache to be collected */
  markobjectN(g, f->source);
  for (i = 0; i < f->sizek; i++) /* mark literals */
    markvalue(g, &f->k[i]);
  for (i = 0; i < f->sizeupvalues; i++) /* mark upvalue names */
    markobjectN(g, f->upvalues[i].name);
  for (i = 0; i < f->sizep; i++) /* mark nested protos */
    markobjectN(g, f->p[i]);
  for (i = 0; i < f->sizelocvars; i++) /* mark local-variable names */
    markobjectN(g, f->locvars[i].varname);
  return sizeof(Proto) + sizeof(Instruction) * f->sizecode + sizeof(Proto*) * f->sizep + sizeof(TValue) * f->sizek +
         sizeof(int) * f->sizelineinfo + sizeof(LocVar) * f->sizelocvars + sizeof(Upvaldesc) * f->sizeupvalues;
}

static lu_mem traverseCclosure(global_State* g, CClosure* cl) {
  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < cl->nupvalues; i++) /* mark its upvalues */
    markvalue(g, &cl->upvalue[i]);
  return sizeCclosure(cl->nupvalues);
}

/*
** open upvalues point to values in a thread, so those values should
** be marked when the thread is traversed except in the atomic phase
** (because then the value cannot be changed by the thread and the
** thread may not be traversed again)
*/
static lu_mem traverseLclosure(global_State* g, LClosure* cl) {
  int i;
  markobjectN(g, cl->p); /* mark its prototype */
  for (i = 0; i < cl->nupvalues; i++) { /* mark its upvalues */
    UpVal* uv = cl->upvals[i];
    if (uv != NULL) {
      if (upisopen(uv) && g->gcstate != GCSinsideatomic)
        uv->u.open.touched = 1; /* can be marked in 'remarkupvals' */
      else
        markvalue(g, uv->v);
    }
  }
  return sizeLclosure(cl->nupvalues);
}

static lu_mem traversethread(global_State* g, lua_State* th) {
  StkId o = th->stack;
  if (o == NULL)
    return 1; /* stack not completely built yet */
  lua_assert(g->gcstate == GCSinsideatomic || th->openupval == NULL || isintwups(th));
  for (; o < th->top; o++) /* mark live elements in the stack */
    markvalue(g, o);
  if (g->gcstate == GCSinsideatomic) { /* final traversal? */
    StkId lim = th->stack + th->stacksize; /* real end of stack */
    for (; o < lim; o++) /* clear not-marked stack slice */
      setnilvalue(o);
    /* 'remarkupvals' may have removed thread from 'twups' list */
    if (!isintwups(th) && th->openupval != NULL) {
      th->twups = g->twups; /* link it back to the list */
      g->twups = th;
    }
  } else if (g->gckind != KGC_EMERGENCY)
    luaD_shrinkstack(th); /* do not change stack in emergency cycle */
  return (sizeof(lua_State) + sizeof(TValue) * th->stacksize + sizeof(CallInfo) * th->nci);
}

/*
** traverse one gray object, turning it to black (except for threads,
** which are always gray).
*/
static void propagatemark(global_State* g) {
  lu_mem size;
  GCObject* o = g->gray;
  lua_assert(isgray(o));
  gray2black(o);
  switch (o->tt) {
    case LUA_TTABLE: {
      Table* h = gco2t(o);
      g->gray = h->gclist; /* remove from 'gray' list */
      size = traversetable(g, h);
      break;
    }
    case LUA_TLCL: {
      LClosure* cl = gco2lcl(o);
      g->gray = cl->gclist; /* remove from 'gray' list */
      size = traverseLclosure(g, cl);
      break;
    }
    case LUA_TCCL: {
      CClosure* cl = gco2ccl(o);
      g->gray = cl->gclist; /* remove from 'gray' list */
      size = traverseCclosure(g, cl);
      break;
    }
    case LUA_TTHREAD: {
      lua_State* th = gco2th(o);
      g->gray = th->gclist; /* remove from 'gray' list */
      linkgclist(th, g->grayagain); /* insert into 'grayagain' list */
      black2gray(o);
      size = traversethread(g, th);
      break;
    }
    case LUA_TPROTO: {
      Proto* p = gco2p(o);
      g->gray = p->gclist; /* remove from 'gray' list */
      size = traverseproto(g, p);
      break;
    }
    default:
      lua_assert(0);
      return;
  }
  g->GCmemtrav += size;
}

static void propagateall(global_State* g) {
  while (g->gray)
    propagatemark(g);
}

static void convergeephemerons(global_State* g) {
  int changed;
  do {
    GCObject* w;
    GCObject* next = g->ephemeron; /* get ephemeron list */
    g->ephemeron = NULL; /* tables may return to this list when traversed */
    changed = 0;
    while ((w = next) != NULL) {
      next = gco2t(w)->gclist;
      if (traverseephemeron(g, gco2t(w))) { /* traverse marked some value? */
        propagateall(g); /* propagate changes */
        changed = 1; /* will have to revisit all ephemeron tables */
      }
    }
  } while (changed);
}

/* }====================================================== */

/*
** {======================================================
** Sweep Functions
** =======================================================
*/

/*
** clear entries with unmarked keys from all weaktables in list 'l' up
** to element 'f'
*/
static void clearkeys(global_State* g, GCObject* l, GCObject* f) {
  for (; l != f; l = gco2t(l)->gclist) {
    Table* h = gco2t(l);
    Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
    for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {
      if (!ttisnil(gval(n)) && (iscleared(g, gkey(n)))) {
        setnilvalue(gval(n)); /* remove value ... */
      }
      if (ttisnil(gval(n))) /* is entry empty? */
        removeentry(n); /* remove entry from table */
    }
  }
}

/*
** clear entries with unmarked values from all weaktables in list 'l' up
** to element 'f'
*/
static void clearvalues(global_State* g, GCObject* l, GCObject* f) {
  for (; l != f; l = gco2t(l)->gclist) {
    Table* h = gco2t(l);
    Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
    unsigned int i;
    for (i = 0; i < h->sizearray; i++) {
      TValue* o = &h->array[i];
      if (iscleared(g, o)) /* value was collected? */
        setnilvalue(o); /* remove value */
    }
    for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {
      if (!ttisnil(gval(n)) && iscleared(g, gval(n))) {
        setnilvalue(gval(n)); /* remove value ... */
        removeentry(n); /* and remove entry from table */
      }
    }
  }
}

void luaC_upvdeccount(lua_State* L, UpVal* uv) {
  lua_assert(uv->refcount > 0);
  uv->refcount--;
  if (uv->refcount == 0 && !upisopen(uv))
    luaM_free(L, uv);
}

static void freeLclosure(lua_State* L, LClosure* cl) {
  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < cl->nupvalues; i++) {
    UpVal* uv = cl->upvals[i];
    if (uv)
      luaC_upvdeccount(L, uv);
  }
  luaM_freemem(L, cl, sizeLclosure(cl->nupvalues));
}

static void freeobj(lua_State* L, GCObject* o) {
  switch (o->tt) {
    case LUA_TPROTO:
      luaF_freeproto(L, gco2p(o));
      break;
    case LUA_TLCL: {
      freeLclosure(L, gco2lcl(o));
      break;
    }
    case LUA_TCCL: {
      luaM_freemem(L, o, sizeCclosure(gco2ccl(o)->nupvalues));
      break;
    }
    case LUA_TTABLE:
      luaH_free(L, gco2t(o));
      break;
    case LUA_TTHREAD:
      luaE_freethread(L, gco2th(o));
      break;
    case LUA_TUSERDATA:
      luaM_freemem(L, o, sizeudata(gco2u(o)));
      break;
    case LUA_TSHRSTR:
      luaS_remove(L, gco2ts(o)); /* remove it from hash table */
      luaM_freemem(L, o, sizelstring(gco2ts(o)->shrlen));
      break;
    case LUA_TLNGSTR: {
      luaM_freemem(L, o, sizelstring(gco2ts(o)->u.lnglen));
      break;
    }
    default:
      lua_assert(0);
  }
}

#define sweepwholelist(L, p) sweeplist(L, p, MAX_LUMEM)
static GCObject** sweeplist(lua_State* L, GCObject** p, lu_mem count);

/*
** sweep at most 'count' elements from a list of GCObjects erasing dead
** objects, where a dead object is one marked with the old (non current)
** white; change all non-dead objects back to white, preparing for next
** collection cycle. Return where to continue the traversal or NULL if
** list is finished.
*/
static GCObject** sweeplist(lua_State* L, GCObject** p, lu_mem count) {
  global_State* g = G(L);
  int ow = otherwhite(g);
  int white = luaC_white(g); /* current white */
  while (*p != NULL && count-- > 0) {
    GCObject* curr = *p;
    int marked = curr->marked;
    if (isdeadm(ow, marked)) { /* is 'curr' dead? */
      *p = curr->next; /* remove 'curr' from list */
      freeobj(L, curr); /* erase 'curr' */
    } else { /* change mark to 'white' */
      curr->marked = cast_byte((marked & maskcolors) | white);
      p = &curr->next; /* go to next element */
    }
  }
  return (*p == NULL) ? NULL : p;
}

/*
** sweep a list until a live object (or end of list)
*/
static GCObject** sweeptolive(lua_State* L, GCObject** p) {
  GCObject** old = p;
  do {
    p = sweeplist(L, p, 1);
  } while (p == old);
  return p;
}

/* }====================================================== */

/*
** {======================================================
** Finalization
** =======================================================
*/

/*
** If possible, shrink string table
*/
static void checkSizes(lua_State* L, global_State* g) {
  if (g->gckind != KGC_EMERGENCY) {
    l_mem olddebt = g->GCdebt;
    if (g->strt.nuse < g->strt.size / 4) /* string table too big? */
      luaS_resize(L, g->strt.size / 2); /* shrink it a little */
    g->GCestimate += g->GCdebt - olddebt; /* update estimate */
  }
}

static GCObject* udata2finalize(global_State* g) {
  GCObject* o = g->tobefnz; /* get first element */
  lua_assert(tofinalize(o));
  g->tobefnz = o->next; /* remove it from 'tobefnz' list */
  o->next = g->allgc; /* return it to 'allgc' list */
  g->allgc = o;
  resetbit(o->marked, FINALIZEDBIT); /* object is "normal" again */
  if (issweepphase(g))
    makewhite(g, o); /* "sweep" object */
  return o;
}

static void dothecall(lua_State* L, void* ud) {
  UNUSED(ud);
  luaD_callnoyield(L, L->top - 2, 0);
}

static void GCTM(lua_State* L, int propagateerrors) {
  global_State* g = G(L);
  const TValue* tm;
  TValue v;
  setgcovalue(L, &v, udata2finalize(g));
  tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, &v, TM_GC);
  if (tm != NULL && ttisfunction(tm)) { /* is there a finalizer? */
    int status;
    lu_byte oldah = L->allowhook;
    int running = g->gcrunning;
    L->allowhook = 0; /* stop debug hooks during GC metamethod */
    g->gcrunning = 0; /* avoid GC steps */
    setobj2s(L, L->top, tm); /* push finalizer... */
    setobj2s(L, L->top + 1, &v); /* ... and its argument */
    L->top += 2; /* and (next line) call the finalizer */
    L->ci->callstatus |= CIST_FIN; /* will run a finalizer */
    status = luaD_pcall(L, dothecall, NULL, savestack(L, L->top - 2), 0);
    L->ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_FIN; /* not running a finalizer anymore */
    L->allowhook = oldah; /* restore hooks */
    g->gcrunning = running; /* restore state */
    if (status != LUA_OK && propagateerrors) { /* error while running __gc? */
      if (status == LUA_ERRRUN) { /* is there an error object? */
        const char* msg = (ttisstring(L->top - 1)) ? svalue(L->top - 1) : "no message";
        luaO_pushfstring(L, "error in __gc metamethod (%s)", msg);
        status = LUA_ERRGCMM; /* error in __gc metamethod */
      }
      luaD_throw(L, status); /* re-throw error */
    }
  }
}

/*
** call a few (up to 'g->gcfinnum') finalizers
*/
static int runafewfinalizers(lua_State* L) {
  global_State* g = G(L);
  unsigned int i;
  lua_assert(!g->tobefnz || g->gcfinnum > 0);
  for (i = 0; g->tobefnz && i < g->gcfinnum; i++)
    GCTM(L, 1); /* call one finalizer */
  g->gcfinnum = (!g->tobefnz) ? 0 /* nothing more to finalize? */
                                :
                                g->gcfinnum * 2; /* else call a few more next time */
  return i;
}

/*
** call all pending finalizers
*/
static void callallpendingfinalizers(lua_State* L) {
  global_State* g = G(L);
  while (g->tobefnz)
    GCTM(L, 0);
}

/*
** find last 'next' field in list 'p' list (to add elements in its end)
*/
static GCObject** findlast(GCObject** p) {
  while (*p != NULL)
    p = &(*p)->next;
  return p;
}

/*
** move all unreachable objects (or 'all' objects) that need
** finalization from list 'finobj' to list 'tobefnz' (to be finalized)
*/
static void separatetobefnz(global_State* g, int all) {
  GCObject* curr;
  GCObject** p = &g->finobj;
  GCObject** lastnext = findlast(&g->tobefnz);
  while ((curr = *p) != NULL) { /* traverse all finalizable objects */
    lua_assert(tofinalize(curr));
    if (!(iswhite(curr) || all)) /* not being collected? */
      p = &curr->next; /* don't bother with it */
    else {
      *p = curr->next; /* remove 'curr' from 'finobj' list */
      curr->next = *lastnext; /* link at the end of 'tobefnz' list */
      *lastnext = curr;
      lastnext = &curr->next;
    }
  }
}

/*
** if object 'o' has a finalizer, remove it from 'allgc' list (must
** search the list to find it) and link it in 'finobj' list.
*/
void luaC_checkfinalizer(lua_State* L, GCObject* o, Table* mt) {
  global_State* g = G(L);
  if (tofinalize(o) || /* obj. is already marked... */
      gfasttm(g, mt, TM_GC) == NULL) /* or has no finalizer? */
    return; /* nothing to be done */
  else { /* move 'o' to 'finobj' list */
    GCObject** p;
    if (issweepphase(g)) {
      makewhite(g, o); /* "sweep" object 'o' */
      if (g->sweepgc == &o->next) /* should not remove 'sweepgc' object */
        g->sweepgc = sweeptolive(L, g->sweepgc); /* change 'sweepgc' */
    }
    /* search for pointer pointing to 'o' */
    for (p = &g->allgc; *p != o; p = &(*p)->next) { /* empty */
    }
    *p = o->next; /* remove 'o' from 'allgc' list */
    o->next = g->finobj; /* link it in 'finobj' list */
    g->finobj = o;
    l_setbit(o->marked, FINALIZEDBIT); /* mark it as such */
  }
}

/* }====================================================== */

/*
** {======================================================
** GC control
** =======================================================
*/

/*
** Set a reasonable "time" to wait before starting a new GC cycle; cycle
** will start when memory use hits threshold. (Division by 'estimate'
** should be OK: it cannot be zero (because Lua cannot even start with
** less than PAUSEADJ bytes).
*/
static void setpause(global_State* g) {
  l_mem threshold, debt;
  l_mem estimate = g->GCestimate / PAUSEADJ; /* adjust 'estimate' */
  lua_assert(estimate > 0);
  threshold = (g->gcpause < MAX_LMEM / estimate) /* overflow? */
                  ?
                  estimate * g->gcpause /* no overflow */
                  :
                  MAX_LMEM; /* overflow; truncate to maximum */
  debt = gettotalbytes(g) - threshold;
  luaE_setdebt(g, debt);
}

/*
** Enter first sweep phase.
** The call to 'sweeplist' tries to make pointer point to an object
** inside the list (instead of to the header), so that the real sweep do
** not need to skip objects created between "now" and the start of the
** real sweep.
*/
static void entersweep(lua_State* L) {
  global_State* g = G(L);
  g->gcstate = GCSswpallgc;
  lua_assert(g->sweepgc == NULL);
  g->sweepgc = sweeplist(L, &g->allgc, 1);
}

void luaC_freeallobjects(lua_State* L) {
  global_State* g = G(L);
  separatetobefnz(g, 1); /* separate all objects with finalizers */
  lua_assert(g->finobj == NULL);
  callallpendingfinalizers(L);
  lua_assert(g->tobefnz == NULL);
  g->currentwhite = WHITEBITS; /* this "white" makes all objects look dead */
  g->gckind = KGC_NORMAL;
  sweepwholelist(L, &g->finobj);
  sweepwholelist(L, &g->allgc);
  sweepwholelist(L, &g->fixedgc); /* collect fixed objects */
  lua_assert(g->strt.nuse == 0);
}

static l_mem atomic(lua_State* L) {
  global_State* g = G(L);
  l_mem work;
  GCObject *origweak, *origall;
  // only four item will link to g->grayagain (barrierback table, weakvalue table, ephemeron table, thread)
  // barrierback table: set table after marked, in atomic phase no set table case
  // weakvalue table, ephemeron table: propagate mark traversal in GCSpropagate phase
  // thread: propagate mark (maybe change reference after mark, so add to grayagain for propagate in atomic phase)
  // so, only thread will be add to g->grayagain in atomic phase
  // when the thread be added to g->grayagain, it must has been fully propagate mark, no need to propagate again
  GCObject* grayagain = g->grayagain; /* save original list */
  lua_assert(g->ephemeron == NULL && g->weak == NULL);
  lua_assert(!iswhite(g->mainthread));
  g->gcstate = GCSinsideatomic;
  g->GCmemtrav = 0; /* start counting work */
  markobject(g, L); /* mark running thread */
  /* registry and global metatables may be changed by API */
  markvalue(g, &g->l_registry);
  markmt(g); /* mark global metatables */
  /* remark occasional upvalues of (maybe) dead threads */
  remarkupvals(g);
  propagateall(g); /* propagate changes */
  work = g->GCmemtrav; /* stop counting (do not recount 'grayagain') */
  g->gray = grayagain;
  propagateall(g); /* traverse 'grayagain' list */
  g->GCmemtrav = 0; /* restart counting */
  convergeephemerons(g);
  /* at this point, all strongly accessible objects are marked. */
  /* Clear values from weak tables, before checking finalizers */
  clearvalues(g, g->weak, NULL);
  clearvalues(g, g->allweak, NULL);
  origweak = g->weak;
  origall = g->allweak;
  work += g->GCmemtrav; /* stop counting (objects being finalized) */
  separatetobefnz(g, 0); /* separate objects to be finalized */
  g->gcfinnum = 1; /* there may be objects to be finalized */
  markbeingfnz(g); /* mark objects that will be finalized */
  propagateall(g); /* remark, to propagate 'resurrection' */
  g->GCmemtrav = 0; /* restart counting */
  convergeephemerons(g);
  /* at this point, all resurrected objects are marked. */
  /* remove dead objects from weak tables */
  clearkeys(g, g->ephemeron, NULL); /* clear keys from all ephemeron tables */
  clearkeys(g, g->allweak, NULL); /* clear keys from all 'allweak' tables */
  /* clear values from resurrected weak tables */
  clearvalues(g, g->weak, origweak);
  clearvalues(g, g->allweak, origall);
  luaS_clearcache(g);
  g->currentwhite = cast_byte(otherwhite(g)); /* flip current white */
  work += g->GCmemtrav; /* complete counting */
  return work; /* estimate of memory marked by 'atomic' */
}

static lu_mem sweepstep(lua_State* L, global_State* g, int nextstate, GCObject** nextlist) {
  if (g->sweepgc) {
    l_mem olddebt = g->GCdebt;
    g->sweepgc = sweeplist(L, g->sweepgc, GCSWEEPMAX);
    g->GCestimate += g->GCdebt - olddebt; /* update estimate */
    if (g->sweepgc) /* is there still something to sweep? */
      return (GCSWEEPMAX * GCSWEEPCOST);
  }
  /* else enter next state */
  g->gcstate = nextstate;
  g->sweepgc = nextlist;
  return 0;
}

static lu_mem singlestep(lua_State* L) {
  global_State* g = G(L);
  switch (g->gcstate) {
    case GCSpause: {
      g->GCmemtrav = g->strt.size * sizeof(GCObject*);
      restartcollection(g);
      g->gcstate = GCSpropagate;
      return g->GCmemtrav;
    }
    case GCSpropagate: {
      g->GCmemtrav = 0;
      lua_assert(g->gray);
      propagatemark(g);
      if (g->gray == NULL) /* no more gray objects? */
        g->gcstate = GCSatomic; /* finish propagate phase */
      return g->GCmemtrav; /* memory traversed in this step */
    }
    case GCSatomic: {
      lu_mem work;
      propagateall(g); /* make sure gray list is empty */
      work = atomic(L); /* work is what was traversed by 'atomic' */
      entersweep(L);
      g->GCestimate = gettotalbytes(g); /* first estimate */
      ;
      return work;
    }
    case GCSswpallgc: { /* sweep "regular" objects */
      return sweepstep(L, g, GCSswpfinobj, &g->finobj);
    }
    case GCSswpfinobj: { /* sweep objects with finalizers */
      return sweepstep(L, g, GCSswptobefnz, &g->tobefnz);
    }
    case GCSswptobefnz: { /* sweep objects to be finalized */
      return sweepstep(L, g, GCSswpend, NULL);
    }
    case GCSswpend: { /* finish sweeps */
      makewhite(g, g->mainthread); /* sweep main thread */
      checkSizes(L, g);
      g->gcstate = GCScallfin;
      return 0;
    }
    case GCScallfin: { /* call remaining finalizers */
      if (g->tobefnz && g->gckind != KGC_EMERGENCY) {
        int n = runafewfinalizers(L);
        return (n * GCFINALIZECOST);
      } else { /* emergency mode or no more finalizers */
        g->gcstate = GCSpause; /* finish collection */
        return 0;
      }
    }
    default:
      lua_assert(0);
      return 0;
  }
}

/*
** advances the garbage collector until it reaches a state allowed
** by 'statemask'
*/
void luaC_runtilstate(lua_State* L, int statesmask) {
  global_State* g = G(L);
  while (!testbit(statesmask, g->gcstate))
    singlestep(L);
}

/*
** get GC debt and convert it from Kb to 'work units' (avoid zero debt
** and overflows)
*/
static l_mem getdebt(global_State* g) {
  l_mem debt = g->GCdebt;
  int stepmul = g->gcstepmul;
  if (debt <= 0)
    return 0; /* minimal debt */
  else {
    debt = (debt / STEPMULADJ) + 1;
    debt = (debt < MAX_LMEM / stepmul) ? debt * stepmul : MAX_LMEM;
    return debt;
  }
}

/*
** performs a basic GC step when collector is running
*/
void luaC_step(lua_State* L) {
  global_State* g = G(L);
  l_mem debt = getdebt(g); /* GC deficit (be paid now) */
  if (!g->gcrunning) { /* not running? */
    luaE_setdebt(g, -GCSTEPSIZE * 10); /* avoid being called too often */
    return;
  }
  do { /* repeat until pause or enough "credit" (negative debt) */
    lu_mem work = singlestep(L); /* perform one single step */
    debt -= work;
  } while (debt > -GCSTEPSIZE && g->gcstate != GCSpause);
  if (g->gcstate == GCSpause)
    setpause(g); /* pause until next cycle */
  else {
    debt = (debt / g->gcstepmul) * STEPMULADJ; /* convert 'work units' to Kb */
    luaE_setdebt(g, debt);
    runafewfinalizers(L);
  }
}

// only one step
void luaC_onestep(lua_State* L) {
  global_State* g = G(L);
  l_mem debt = getdebt(g); /* GC deficit (be paid now) */
  if (!g->gcrunning) { /* not running? */
    luaE_setdebt(g, -GCSTEPSIZE * 10); /* avoid being called too often */
    return;
  }
  debt -= singlestep(L); /* perform one single step */
  if (g->gcstate == GCSpause)
    setpause(g); /* pause until next cycle */
  else {
    debt = (debt / g->gcstepmul) * STEPMULADJ; /* convert 'work units' to Kb */
    luaE_setdebt(g, debt);
    // runafewfinalizers(L);
  }
}

/*
** Performs a full GC cycle; if 'isemergency', set a flag to avoid
** some operations which could change the interpreter state in some
** unexpected ways (running finalizers and shrinking some structures).
** Before running the collection, check 'keepinvariant'; if it is true,
** there may be some objects marked as black, so the collector has
** to sweep all objects to turn them back to white (as white has not
** changed, nothing will be collected).
*/
void luaC_fullgc(lua_State* L, int isemergency) {
  global_State* g = G(L);
  lua_assert(g->gckind == KGC_NORMAL);
  if (isemergency)
    g->gckind = KGC_EMERGENCY; /* set flag */
  if (keepinvariant(g)) { /* black objects? */
    entersweep(L); /* sweep everything to turn them back to white */
  }
  /* finish any pending sweep phase to start a new cycle */
  luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpause));
  luaC_runtilstate(L, ~bitmask(GCSpause)); /* start new collection */
  luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCScallfin)); /* run up to finalizers */
  /* estimate must be correct after a full GC cycle */
  lua_assert(g->GCestimate == gettotalbytes(g));
  luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpause)); /* finish collection */
  g->gckind = KGC_NORMAL;
  setpause(g);
}

/* }====================================================== */
